Wheat disease updates are written by Dr. Bob Hunger, OSU Extension Plant Pathologist
Oklahoma – Foliar diseases are becoming active in Oklahoma. Around Stillwater I have found both leaf and stripe rust, powdery mildew, and septoria. Incidence/ severity of all these foliar diseases is relatively light, but I am especially watching what happens to the leaf and stripe rust. The leaf rust pustules are small and on lower/older leaves indicating that leaf rust likely overwintered in Central OK. The stripe rust pustules were on the upper leaves of ‘Pete’ wheat (see photo) indicating the spores causing these initial infections likely blew up from the south. With rain and cool wet weather in the forecast, I definitely expect for there to be an increase in foliar diseases. Around Stillwater, I also have seen quite a few aphids (mostly bird cherry-oat but also a few greenbug) and many lady beetles. However, no symptoms yet of barley yellow dwarf.
Stripe rust on Pete 03/04/2016
Gary Strickland (SWREC Dryland Cropping Systems Spclt – Jackson Cnty) relayed to me that in SW OK he has seen leaf rust in fairly high levels on lower leaves of Endurance and other wheats, and has heard reports of stripe rust but has not seen any himself.
Yesterday I traveled to north-central OK (Alva). On the way there and while there I visited several fields and found a few very small leaf rust pustules. Overall the wheat from I-35 over to Alva (Hwy 11) looked good and was greening-up nicely. Also while in Alva, numerous producers, etc. relayed reports of mostly leaf rust showing up across central OK, such as leaf rust around Geary, OK, etc.
Regarding rust incidence/severity in Texas, I talked to a wheat breeder in Texas last week and he indicated that wheat in southern Texas was showing both leaf and stripe rust but had not yet reached a severe level. Early next week I’ll be at a meeting of wheat pathologists and should be able to find out more about diseases in Texas.
All these reports indicate the potential for significant foliar disease on the current wheat crop. Genetic resistance in some of wheat varieties helps protect against the foliar diseases, but fungicides also provide an excellent management tool to protect not only yield, but also quality (test weight). To help with deciding if and when to apply a fungicide, Dr. Jeff Edwards and I earlier this week updated and revised CR 7668 (Foliar Fungicides and Wheat Production in Oklahoma – March 2016). It can be found at www.wheat.okstate.edu. This Current Report discusses the significant aspects related to using fungicides to manage wheat foliar diseases.
One point I want to be sure to emphasize when using fungicides is the importance to not exceed the maximum amount of a fungicide applied to a crop in a single year. Such a consideration couldespecially be an issue when more than one fungicide application is made. In many states through the southeastern region of the U.S., two fungicide applications on wheat are more common, with the last application typically targeted toward Fusarium head blight (scab). In Oklahoma, where scab usually is not a concern, deciding when to make a single fungicide application typically is the only consideration. However, if you have early disease pressure from stripe rust or have early season powdery mildew, tan spot, or Septoria leaf blotch in no-till fields, more than one application may be needed to adequately manage these diseases. In these situations, care must be taken to insure label compliance. For example, if an early application of a generic form of tebuconazole is applied at 4 oz/ac, a subsequent application of any fungicide containing tebuconazole around heading would put you over the 4 oz limit for the crop season. Thus, be sure to read the label to determine the maximum amount of a chemical that can be applied in a single season and the exact amount of a chemical(s) that is in a fungicide.
South Texas – Amir Ibrahim TAMU Wheat Breeder – The wheat crop in our trials at Castroville and Uvalde, TX is at Feekes stages 5‐10, ranging from the latest winter to the earliest spring types. Growth is very lush and there is no winter kill or frost injury in either winter and spring types. Stripe rust is at 70S, in the medium to upper canopy, on our ‘Patton’ spreader passes across the field. Stripe rust is about 60S on ‘TAM 110’. ‘Coronado’ is hammered with yellow rust at Castroville. Stripe rust is more progressed at Uvalde. We have been getting natural and uniform stripe rust infection at Uvalde every year for the last few years. The Texas A&M AgriLife Center at Uvalde sits at the bottom of a valley with constant morning dew that favors infection. Stripe rust has also been found at low levels in the wheat breeding trials near Chillicothe in the Rolling Plains of Texas.
Texas – Dr. John Fenderson – WestBred. “I saw rampant Stripe in Central TX on Ruby Lee. I also saw it on sensitive lines from I-20 south anywhere it has rained. Some spraying has occurred in the Austin area. I also pulled wheat in the Red River corridor both sides with a lot of stripe on older leaves. It is just waiting on the right conditions to explode. I was all the way down in S. TX this week and I did not see stripe on the spring wheat but there was some on Winter wheat around San Angelo etc.”
WORLD OF WHEAT 